The Market Reports

Index

1 Market Overview
1.1 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Product Introduction
1.2 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Size Forecast
1.3 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Trends & Drivers
1.3.1 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Industry Trends
1.3.2 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Drivers & Opportunity
1.3.3 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Challenges
1.3.4 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Restraints
1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Competitive Analysis by Company
2.1 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Players Revenue Ranking (2023)
2.2 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue by Company (2019-2024)
2.3 Key Companies E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.4 Key Companies E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Product Offered
2.5 Key Companies Time to Begin Mass Production of E-learning Corporate Compliance Training
2.6 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Competitive Analysis
2.6.1 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Concentration Rate (2019-2024)
2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Companies by E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue in 2023
2.6.3 Global Top Companies by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training as of 2023)
2.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Segmentation by Type
3.1 Introduction by Type
3.1.1 Blended
3.1.2 Online
3.2 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type
3.2.1 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
3.2.2 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, by Type (2019-2030)
3.2.3 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, by Type (%) (2019-2030)
4 Segmentation by Application
4.1 Introduction by Application
4.1.1 Information Security Training
4.1.2 Regulatory Compliance Training
4.1.3 Sexual Harassment Training
4.1.4 CoC and Ethics Training
4.1.5 Cyber Security Training
4.1.6 Diversity Training
4.1.7 Others
4.2 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application
4.2.1 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.2.2 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, by Application (2019-2030)
4.2.3 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, by Application (%) (2019-2030)
5 Segmentation by Region
5.1 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Region
5.1.1 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
5.1.2 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Region (2019-2024)
5.1.3 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Region (2025-2030)
5.1.4 Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Region (%), (2019-2030)
5.2 North America
5.2.1 North America E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
5.2.2 North America E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
5.3 Europe
5.3.1 Europe E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
5.3.2 Europe E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
5.4 Asia Pacific
5.4.1 Asia Pacific E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
5.4.2 Asia Pacific E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
5.5 South America
5.5.1 South America E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
5.5.2 South America E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
5.6 Middle East & Africa
5.6.1 Middle East & Africa E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
5.6.2 Middle East & Africa E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
6 Segmentation by Key Countries/Regions
6.1 Key Countries/Regions E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value Growth Trends, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.2 Key Countries/Regions E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.3.2 United States E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.3.3 United States E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 Europe E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.4.2 Europe E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.4.3 Europe E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.5 China
6.5.1 China E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.5.2 China E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.5.3 China E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.6 Japan
6.6.1 Japan E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.6.2 Japan E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.6.3 Japan E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.7 South Korea
6.7.1 South Korea E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.7.2 South Korea E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.7.3 South Korea E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.8 Southeast Asia
6.8.1 Southeast Asia E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.8.2 Southeast Asia E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.8.3 Southeast Asia E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.9 India
6.9.1 India E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.9.2 India E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.9.3 India E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7 Company Profiles
7.1 Skillsoft
7.1.1 Skillsoft Profile
7.1.2 Skillsoft Main Business
7.1.3 Skillsoft E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.1.4 Skillsoft E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.1.5 Skillsoft Recent Developments
7.2 Blackboard
7.2.1 Blackboard Profile
7.2.2 Blackboard Main Business
7.2.3 Blackboard E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.2.4 Blackboard E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.2.5 Blackboard Recent Developments
7.3 GP Strategies
7.3.1 GP Strategies Profile
7.3.2 GP Strategies Main Business
7.3.3 GP Strategies E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.3.4 GP Strategies E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.3.5 SAI Global Recent Developments
7.4 SAI Global
7.4.1 SAI Global Profile
7.4.2 SAI Global Main Business
7.4.3 SAI Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.4.4 SAI Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.4.5 SAI Global Recent Developments
7.5 Cornerstone
7.5.1 Cornerstone Profile
7.5.2 Cornerstone Main Business
7.5.3 Cornerstone E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.5.4 Cornerstone E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.5.5 Cornerstone Recent Developments
7.6 Saba
7.6.1 Saba Profile
7.6.2 Saba Main Business
7.6.3 Saba E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.6.4 Saba E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.6.5 Saba Recent Developments
7.7 NAVEX Global
7.7.1 NAVEX Global Profile
7.7.2 NAVEX Global Main Business
7.7.3 NAVEX Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.7.4 NAVEX Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.7.5 NAVEX Global Recent Developments
7.8 City&Guilds Kineo
7.8.1 City&Guilds Kineo Profile
7.8.2 City&Guilds Kineo Main Business
7.8.3 City&Guilds Kineo E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.8.4 City&Guilds Kineo E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.8.5 City&Guilds Kineo Recent Developments
7.9 CrossKnowledge
7.9.1 CrossKnowledge Profile
7.9.2 CrossKnowledge Main Business
7.9.3 CrossKnowledge E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.9.4 CrossKnowledge E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.9.5 CrossKnowledge Recent Developments
7.10 LRN
7.10.1 LRN Profile
7.10.2 LRN Main Business
7.10.3 LRN E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.10.4 LRN E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.10.5 LRN Recent Developments
7.11 360training
7.11.1 360training Profile
7.11.2 360training Main Business
7.11.3 360training E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.11.4 360training E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.11.5 360training Recent Developments
7.12 Interactive Services
7.12.1 Interactive Services Profile
7.12.2 Interactive Services Main Business
7.12.3 Interactive Services E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
7.12.4 Interactive Services E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue (US$ Million) & (2019-2024)
7.12.5 Interactive Services Recent Developments
8 Industry Chain Analysis
8.1 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Industrial Chain
8.2 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Upstream Analysis
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.2.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Midstream Analysis
8.4 Downstream Analysis (Customers Analysis)
8.5 Sales Model and Sales Channels
8.5.1 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Model
8.5.2 Sales Channel
8.5.3 E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Distributors
9 Research Findings and Conclusion
10 Appendix
10.1 Research Methodology
10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
10.1.2 Data Source
10.2 Author Details
10.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables

List of Tables
Table 1. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Trends
Table 2. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Drivers & Opportunity
Table 3. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Challenges
Table 4. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Restraints
Table 5. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue by Company (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2024)
Table 7. Key Companies E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 8. Key Companies E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Product Type
Table 9. Key Companies Time to Begin Mass Production of E-learning Corporate Compliance Training
Table 10. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Companies Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 11. Global Top Companies Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training as of 2023)
Table 12. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 13. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 14. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 15. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2019-2024) & (%)
Table 17. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2025-2030) & (%)
Table 18. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 19. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 20. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 21. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2019-2024) & (%)
Table 22. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2025-2030) & (%)
Table 23. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 25. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 26. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Region (2019-2024) & (%)
Table 27. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Region (2025-2030) & (%)
Table 28. Key Countries/Regions E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value Growth Trends, (US$ Million): 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Table 29. Key Countries/Regions E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 30. Key Countries/Regions E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 31. Skillsoft Basic Information List
Table 32. Skillsoft Description and Business Overview
Table 33. Skillsoft E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 34. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of Skillsoft (2019-2024)
Table 35. Skillsoft Recent Developments
Table 36. Blackboard Basic Information List
Table 37. Blackboard Description and Business Overview
Table 38. Blackboard E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 39. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of Blackboard (2019-2024)
Table 40. Blackboard Recent Developments
Table 41. GP Strategies Basic Information List
Table 42. GP Strategies Description and Business Overview
Table 43. GP Strategies E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 44. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of GP Strategies (2019-2024)
Table 45. GP Strategies Recent Developments
Table 46. SAI Global Basic Information List
Table 47. SAI Global Description and Business Overview
Table 48. SAI Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 49. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of SAI Global (2019-2024)
Table 50. SAI Global Recent Developments
Table 51. Cornerstone Basic Information List
Table 52. Cornerstone Description and Business Overview
Table 53. Cornerstone E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 54. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of Cornerstone (2019-2024)
Table 55. Cornerstone Recent Developments
Table 56. Saba Basic Information List
Table 57. Saba Description and Business Overview
Table 58. Saba E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 59. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of Saba (2019-2024)
Table 60. Saba Recent Developments
Table 61. NAVEX Global Basic Information List
Table 62. NAVEX Global Description and Business Overview
Table 63. NAVEX Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 64. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of NAVEX Global (2019-2024)
Table 65. NAVEX Global Recent Developments
Table 66. City&Guilds Kineo Basic Information List
Table 67. City&Guilds Kineo Description and Business Overview
Table 68. City&Guilds Kineo E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 69. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of City&Guilds Kineo (2019-2024)
Table 70. City&Guilds Kineo Recent Developments
Table 71. CrossKnowledge Basic Information List
Table 72. CrossKnowledge Description and Business Overview
Table 73. CrossKnowledge E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 74. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of CrossKnowledge (2019-2024)
Table 75. CrossKnowledge Recent Developments
Table 76. LRN Basic Information List
Table 77. LRN Description and Business Overview
Table 78. LRN E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 79. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of LRN (2019-2024)
Table 80. LRN Recent Developments
Table 81. 360training Basic Information List
Table 82. 360training Description and Business Overview
Table 83. 360training E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 84. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of 360training (2019-2024)
Table 85. 360training Recent Developments
Table 86. Interactive Services Basic Information List
Table 87. Interactive Services Description and Business Overview
Table 88. Interactive Services E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Products, Services and Solutions
Table 89. Revenue (US$ Million) in E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Business of Interactive Services (2019-2024)
Table 90. Interactive Services Recent Developments
Table 91. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 92. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 93. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Downstream Customers
Table 94. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Distributors List
Table 95. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 96. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 97. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 98. Business Unit and Senior & Team Lead Analysts
List of Figures
Figure 1. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Product Picture
Figure 2. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 4. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Report Years Considered
Figure 5. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Players Revenue Ranking (2023) & (US$ Million)
Figure 6. The 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers in the World: Market Share by E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Revenue in 2023
Figure 7. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023
Figure 8. Blended Picture
Figure 9. Online Picture
Figure 10. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 11. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value Market Share by Type, 2023 & 2030
Figure 12. Product Picture of Information Security Training
Figure 13. Product Picture of Regulatory Compliance Training
Figure 14. Product Picture of Sexual Harassment Training
Figure 15. Product Picture of CoC and Ethics Training
Figure 16. Product Picture of Cyber Security Training
Figure 17. Product Picture of Diversity Training
Figure 18. Product Picture of Others
Figure 19. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Global E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value Market Share by Application, 2023 & 2030
Figure 21. North America E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 22. North America E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 23. Europe E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Europe E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 25. Asia Pacific E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Asia Pacific E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 27. South America E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. South America E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 29. Middle East & Africa E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Middle East & Africa E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 31. Key Countries/Regions E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value (%), (2019-2030)
Figure 32. United States E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. United States E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 34. United States E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 35. Europe E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. Europe E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 37. Europe E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 38. China E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. China E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 40. China E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 41. Japan E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 42. Japan E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 43. Japan E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 44. South Korea E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. South Korea E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 46. South Korea E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 47. Southeast Asia E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 49. Southeast Asia E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 50. India E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value, (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. India E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 52. India E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Sales Value by Application (%), 2023 VS 2030
Figure 53. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Industrial Chain
Figure 54. E-learning Corporate Compliance Training Manufacturing Cost Structure
Figure 55. Channels of Distribution (Direct Sales, and Distribution)
Figure 56. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 57. Data Triangulation