Index
1 Bio-based Rubber Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Bio-based Rubber
1.2 Bio-based Rubber Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Bio-based Rubber Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2021 VS 2027
1.2.2 EPDM Rubber
1.2.3 SBR Rubber
1.2.4 Others
1.3 Bio-based Rubber Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.3.2 Automobile Tires
1.3.3 Household Appliances
1.3.4 Construction
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.2 Global Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.3 Global Bio-based Rubber Production Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5 Global Market Size by Region
1.5.1 Global Bio-based Rubber Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.5.2 North America Bio-based Rubber Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.3 Europe Bio-based Rubber Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.4 China Bio-based Rubber Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 Japan Bio-based Rubber Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.2 Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.3 Bio-based Rubber Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global Bio-based Rubber Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.5 Manufacturers Bio-based Rubber Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 Bio-based Rubber Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 Bio-based Rubber Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Bio-based Rubber Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Production and Capacity by Region
3.1 Global Production Capacity of Bio-based Rubber Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.3 Global Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.4 North America Bio-based Rubber Production
3.4.1 North America Bio-based Rubber Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.4.2 North America Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.5 Europe Bio-based Rubber Production
3.5.1 Europe Bio-based Rubber Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.5.2 Europe Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.6 China Bio-based Rubber Production
3.6.1 China Bio-based Rubber Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.6.2 China Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.7 Japan Bio-based Rubber Production
3.7.1 Japan Bio-based Rubber Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.7.2 Japan Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
4 Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Region
4.1.1 Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Country
4.2.2 United States
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Country
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Country
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil
5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Bio-based Rubber Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.2 Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.3 Global Bio-based Rubber Price by Type (2016-2021)
6 Consumption Analysis by Application
6.1 Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
6.2 Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Lanxess
7.1.1 Lanxess Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
7.1.2 Lanxess Bio-based Rubber Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Lanxess Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.1.4 Lanxess Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Lanxess Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Versalis
7.2.1 Versalis Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
7.2.2 Versalis Bio-based Rubber Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Versalis Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.2.4 Versalis Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Versalis Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Trinseo
7.3.1 Trinseo Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
7.3.2 Trinseo Bio-based Rubber Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Trinseo Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.3.4 Trinseo Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Trinseo Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Nam Liong Enterprise
7.4.1 Nam Liong Enterprise Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
7.4.2 Nam Liong Enterprise Bio-based Rubber Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Nam Liong Enterprise Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.4.4 Nam Liong Enterprise Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Nam Liong Enterprise Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies
7.5.1 Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
7.5.2 Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies Bio-based Rubber Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.5.4 Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 Arlanxeo
7.6.1 Arlanxeo Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
7.6.2 Arlanxeo Bio-based Rubber Product Portfolio
7.6.3 Arlanxeo Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.6.4 Arlanxeo Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 Arlanxeo Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 Kuraray
7.7.1 Kuraray Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
7.7.2 Kuraray Bio-based Rubber Product Portfolio
7.7.3 Kuraray Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.7.4 Kuraray Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Kuraray Recent Developments/Updates
8 Bio-based Rubber Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Bio-based Rubber Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Bio-based Rubber
8.4 Bio-based Rubber Industrial Chain Analysis
9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 Bio-based Rubber Distributors List
9.3 Bio-based Rubber Customers
10 Market Dynamics
10.1 Bio-based Rubber Industry Trends
10.2 Bio-based Rubber Growth Drivers
10.3 Bio-based Rubber Market Challenges
10.4 Bio-based Rubber Market Restraints
11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Bio-based Rubber by Region (2022-2027)
11.2 North America Bio-based Rubber Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.3 Europe Bio-based Rubber Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.4 China Bio-based Rubber Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.5 Japan Bio-based Rubber Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
12 Consumption and Demand Forecast
12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Bio-based Rubber
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Bio-based Rubber by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Bio-based Rubber by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Bio-based Rubber by Region
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Bio-based Rubber by Country
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2022-2027)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Bio-based Rubber by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Bio-based Rubber by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Bio-based Rubber by Type (2022-2027)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Bio-based Rubber by Application (2022-2027)
14 Research Finding and Conclusion
15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Bio-based Rubber Market Size by Type (MT) & (US$ Million) (2021 VS 2027)
Table 2. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption (MT) Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 3. Bio-based Rubber Market Size Comparison by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 4. Global Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT) by Manufacturers
Table 5. Global Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 6. Global Bio-based Rubber Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 7. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 8. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Bio-based Rubber as of 2020)
Table 10. Global Market Bio-based Rubber Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 11. Manufacturers Bio-based Rubber Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Bio-based Rubber Product Types
Table 13. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 14. Global Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 15. Global Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 16. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 17. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 18. Global Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 19. North America Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 20. Europe Bio-based Rubber Production (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 21. China Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 22. Japan Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 23. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market by Region (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 24. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 25. North America Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 26. Europe Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 27. Asia Pacific Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Region (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 28. Latin America Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Countries (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 29. Global Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 30. Global Bio-based Rubber Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 31. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 32. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 33. Global Bio-based Rubber Price (USD/MT) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 34. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption by Application (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 35. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 36. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Table 37. Lanxess Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
Table 38. Lanxess Specification and Application
Table 39. Lanxess Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 40. Lanxess Main Business and Markets Served
Table 41. Lanxess Recent Developments/Updates
Table 42. Versalis Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
Table 43. Versalis Specification and Application
Table 44. Versalis Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 45. Versalis Main Business and Markets Served
Table 46. Versalis Recent Developments/Updates
Table 47. Trinseo Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
Table 48. Trinseo Specification and Application
Table 49. Trinseo Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 50. Trinseo Main Business and Markets Served
Table 51. Trinseo Recent Developments/Updates
Table 52. Nam Liong Enterprise Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
Table 53. Nam Liong Enterprise Specification and Application
Table 54. Nam Liong Enterprise Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 55. Nam Liong Enterprise Main Business and Markets Served
Table 56. Nam Liong Enterprise Recent Developments/Updates
Table 57. Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
Table 58. Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies Specification and Application
Table 59. Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 60. Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
Table 61. Freudenberg-NOK Sealing Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
Table 62. Arlanxeo Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
Table 63. Arlanxeo Specification and Application
Table 64. Arlanxeo Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 65. Arlanxeo Main Business and Markets Served
Table 66. Arlanxeo Recent Developments/Updates
Table 67. Kuraray Bio-based Rubber Corporation Information
Table 68. Kuraray Specification and Application
Table 69. Kuraray Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 70. Kuraray Main Business and Markets Served
Table 71. Kuraray Recent Developments/Updates
Table 72. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 73. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 74. Bio-based Rubber Distributors List
Table 75. Bio-based Rubber Customers List
Table 76. Bio-based Rubber Market Trends
Table 77. Bio-based Rubber Growth Drivers
Table 78. Bio-based Rubber Market Challenges
Table 79. Bio-based Rubber Market Restraints
Table 80. Global Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 81. North America Bio-based Rubber Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (MT)
Table 82. Europe Bio-based Rubber Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (MT)
Table 83. Asia Pacific Bio-based Rubber Consumption Forecast by Region (2022-2027) & (MT)
Table 84. Latin America Bio-based Rubber Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (MT)
Table 85. Global Bio-based Rubber Production Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (MT)
Table 86. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million)
Table 87. Global Bio-based Rubber Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (USD/MT)
Table 88. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption (MT) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table 89. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 90. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 91. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Bio-based Rubber
Figure 2. Global Bio-based Rubber Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 3. EPDM Rubber Product Picture
Figure 4. SBR Rubber Product Picture
Figure 5. Others Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Bio-based Rubber Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 7. Automobile Tires
Figure 8. Household Appliances
Figure 9. Construction
Figure 10. Others
Figure 11. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Figure 12. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue (US$ Million) (2016-2027)
Figure 13. Global Bio-based Rubber Production Capacity (MT) & (2016-2027)
Figure 14. Global Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) & (2016-2027)
Figure 15. North America Bio-based Rubber Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 16. Europe Bio-based Rubber Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 17. China Bio-based Rubber Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 18. Japan Bio-based Rubber Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 19. Bio-based Rubber Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 20. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 21. Bio-based Rubber Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2020
Figure 22. Global Market Bio-based Rubber Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 23. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Bio-based Rubber Revenue in 2020
Figure 24. Global Bio-based Rubber Production Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 25. North America Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 26. Europe Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 27. China Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 28. Japan Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 29. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 30. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 31. North America Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 32. North America Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 33. Canada Bio-based Rubber Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 34. U.S. Bio-based Rubber Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 35. Europe Bio-based Rubber Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 36. Europe Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 37. Germany America Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 38. France Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 39. U.K. Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 40. Italy Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 41. Russia Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 44. China Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 45. Japan Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 46. South Korea Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 47. Taiwan Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 49. India Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 50. Australia Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 51. Latin America Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 52. Latin America Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 53. Mexico Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 54. Brazil Bio-based Rubber Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 55. Production Market Share of Bio-based Rubber by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 56. Production Market Share of Bio-based Rubber by Type in 2020
Figure 57. Revenue Share of Bio-based Rubber by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 58. Revenue Market Share of Bio-based Rubber by Type in 2020
Figure 59. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 60. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 61. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 62. Key Raw Materials Price Trend
Figure 63. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Bio-based Rubber
Figure 64. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Bio-based Rubber
Figure 65. Bio-based Rubber Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 66. Channels of Distribution
Figure 67. Distributors Profiles
Figure 68. Global Bio-based Rubber Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Figure 69. North America Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 70. Europe Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 71. China Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 72. Japan Bio-based Rubber Production (MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 73. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Bio-based Rubber (2015-2027) & (MT)
Figure 74. Global Bio-based Rubber Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 75. Global Bio-based Rubber Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 76. Global Bio-based Rubber Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure 77. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 78. Data Triangulation