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Global Ferro Alloys Market Research Report 2025

Global Ferro Alloys Market Research Report 2025

Publishing Date : Mar, 2025

License Type :
 

Report Code : 1381215

No of Pages : 130

Synopsis
Ferroalloys, alloys of iron with one or more other elements added to steel melts, are used to impart distinctive qualities to steel or to serve important functions during steel refning, such as control of inclusions, deoxidation, and desulfurization. Ferroalloys are used in lesser amounts to produce cast iron and nonferrous alloys. Ferroalloys can be divided into bulk ferroalloys and noble ferroalloys (also called special or specialty ferroalloys).
The global Ferro Alloys market was valued at US$ 66890 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ 87320 million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 3.8% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
Global Ferroalloys key players include Glencore, Eurasian Resources Group, Tsingshan Holding Group, Samancor Chrome, Erdos Group, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share about 10%.
China is the largest market, with a share about 40%, followed by United States and Middle East, both have a share about 15 percent.
In terms of product, Silicon Manganese is the largest segment, with a share over 30%. And in terms of application, the largest application is Deoxidizer, followed by Alloying Element Additive.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Ferro Alloys, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Ferro Alloys.
Report Scope
The Ferro Alloys market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of output/shipments (K MT) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global Ferro Alloys market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided.
For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
The report will help the Ferro Alloys manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, production, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.
Market Segmentation
By Company
Jayesh Group
Afarak
ENRC
GLENCORE
Tata Steel
Samancor
Hernic Ferrochrome
Fondel Corporation
Tharisa
Westbrook Resources Ltd
ICT Group
Sinosteel
Rohit Ferro Tech
Tennant Metallurgical Group
Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited (FACOR)
ZIMASCO
ZimAlloys
Maranatha Ferrochrome (RioZim)
Oliken Ferroalloys
Vargon Alloys
Indsil
Harsco
Yildirim Group
S.C. Feral S.R.L.
Balasore Alloys Limited
Sarojini Ferro Alloys LLC
Vyankatesh Metals & Alloys Pvt Ltd
Shyamji Group
China Minmetals Corporation.
Segment by Type
Ferrochrome
Ferromanganese
Ferrosilicon
Others
Segment by Application
Road Rails
Automobile Bodies
Cutlery
Dairy Equipment
Hand Railings
Others
Production by Region
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Consumption by Region
North America
U.S.
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
China Taiwan
Southeast Asia
India
Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Mexico
Brazil
Turkey
GCC Countries
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, by Type, by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Ferro Alloys manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Production/output, value of Ferro Alloys by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Consumption of Ferro Alloys in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Index
1 Ferro Alloys Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Ferro Alloys Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Ferro Alloys Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Ferrochrome
1.2.3 Ferromanganese
1.2.4 Ferrosilicon
1.2.5 Others
1.3 Ferro Alloys Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Ferro Alloys Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 Road Rails
1.3.3 Automobile Bodies
1.3.4 Cutlery
1.3.5 Dairy Equipment
1.3.6 Hand Railings
1.3.7 Others
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.2 Global Ferro Alloys Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.3 Global Ferro Alloys Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.4 Global Ferro Alloys Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.5 Assumptions and Limitations
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.2 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.3 Global Key Players of Ferro Alloys, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
2.4 Global Ferro Alloys Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Ferro Alloys Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Ferro Alloys, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Ferro Alloys, Product Offered and Application
2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Ferro Alloys, Date of Enter into This Industry
2.9 Ferro Alloys Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.9.1 Ferro Alloys Market Concentration Rate
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Ferro Alloys Players Market Share by Revenue
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Ferro Alloys Production by Region
3.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.2 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value by Region (2019-2030)
3.2.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Ferro Alloys by Region (2025-2030)
3.3 Global Ferro Alloys Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.4 Global Ferro Alloys Production by Region (2019-2030)
3.4.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Ferro Alloys by Region (2025-2030)
3.5 Global Ferro Alloys Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
3.6 Global Ferro Alloys Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth
3.6.1 North America Ferro Alloys Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.2 Europe Ferro Alloys Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.3 China Ferro Alloys Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.4 Japan Ferro Alloys Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4 Ferro Alloys Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Ferro Alloys Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2 Global Ferro Alloys Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.2.1 Global Ferro Alloys Consumption by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Ferro Alloys Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
4.3 North America
4.3.1 North America Ferro Alloys Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.3.2 North America Ferro Alloys Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.3.3 U.S.
4.3.4 Canada
4.4 Europe
4.4.1 Europe Ferro Alloys Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Europe Ferro Alloys Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.4.3 Germany
4.4.4 France
4.4.5 U.K.
4.4.6 Italy
4.4.7 Russia
4.5 Asia Pacific
4.5.1 Asia Pacific Ferro Alloys Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.5.2 Asia Pacific Ferro Alloys Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.5.3 China
4.5.4 Japan
4.5.5 South Korea
4.5.6 China Taiwan
4.5.7 Southeast Asia
4.5.8 India
4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Ferro Alloys Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Ferro Alloys Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.6.3 Mexico
4.6.4 Brazil
4.6.5 Turkey
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production by Type (2019-2030)
5.1.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production by Type (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Ferro Alloys Production by Type (2025-2030)
5.1.3 Global Ferro Alloys Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.2 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value by Type (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value by Type (2025-2030)
5.2.3 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Ferro Alloys Price by Type (2019-2030)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production by Application (2019-2030)
6.1.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production by Application (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Global Ferro Alloys Production by Application (2025-2030)
6.1.3 Global Ferro Alloys Production Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value by Application (2019-2024)
6.2.2 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value by Application (2025-2030)
6.2.3 Global Ferro Alloys Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Ferro Alloys Price by Application (2019-2030)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Jayesh Group
7.1.1 Jayesh Group Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.1.2 Jayesh Group Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Jayesh Group Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.1.4 Jayesh Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Jayesh Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Afarak
7.2.1 Afarak Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.2.2 Afarak Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Afarak Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.2.4 Afarak Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Afarak Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 ENRC
7.3.1 ENRC Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.3.2 ENRC Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.3.3 ENRC Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.3.4 ENRC Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 ENRC Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 GLENCORE
7.4.1 GLENCORE Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.4.2 GLENCORE Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.4.3 GLENCORE Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.4.4 GLENCORE Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 GLENCORE Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Tata Steel
7.5.1 Tata Steel Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.5.2 Tata Steel Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Tata Steel Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.5.4 Tata Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Tata Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 Samancor
7.6.1 Samancor Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.6.2 Samancor Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.6.3 Samancor Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.6.4 Samancor Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 Samancor Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 Hernic Ferrochrome
7.7.1 Hernic Ferrochrome Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.7.2 Hernic Ferrochrome Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.7.3 Hernic Ferrochrome Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.7.4 Hernic Ferrochrome Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Hernic Ferrochrome Recent Developments/Updates
7.8 Fondel Corporation
7.8.1 Fondel Corporation Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.8.2 Fondel Corporation Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.8.3 Fondel Corporation Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.8.4 Fondel Corporation Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Fondel Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
7.9 Tharisa
7.9.1 Tharisa Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.9.2 Tharisa Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.9.3 Tharisa Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.9.4 Tharisa Main Business and Markets Served
7.9.5 Tharisa Recent Developments/Updates
7.10 Westbrook Resources Ltd
7.10.1 Westbrook Resources Ltd Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.10.2 Westbrook Resources Ltd Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.10.3 Westbrook Resources Ltd Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.10.4 Westbrook Resources Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
7.10.5 Westbrook Resources Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
7.11 ICT Group
7.11.1 ICT Group Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.11.2 ICT Group Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.11.3 ICT Group Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.11.4 ICT Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.11.5 ICT Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.12 Sinosteel
7.12.1 Sinosteel Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.12.2 Sinosteel Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.12.3 Sinosteel Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.12.4 Sinosteel Main Business and Markets Served
7.12.5 Sinosteel Recent Developments/Updates
7.13 Rohit Ferro Tech
7.13.1 Rohit Ferro Tech Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.13.2 Rohit Ferro Tech Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.13.3 Rohit Ferro Tech Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.13.4 Rohit Ferro Tech Main Business and Markets Served
7.13.5 Rohit Ferro Tech Recent Developments/Updates
7.14 Tennant Metallurgical Group
7.14.1 Tennant Metallurgical Group Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.14.2 Tennant Metallurgical Group Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.14.3 Tennant Metallurgical Group Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.14.4 Tennant Metallurgical Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.14.5 Tennant Metallurgical Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.15 Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited (FACOR)
7.15.1 Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited (FACOR) Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.15.2 Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited (FACOR) Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.15.3 Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited (FACOR) Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.15.4 Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited (FACOR) Main Business and Markets Served
7.15.5 Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited (FACOR) Recent Developments/Updates
7.16 ZIMASCO
7.16.1 ZIMASCO Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.16.2 ZIMASCO Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.16.3 ZIMASCO Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.16.4 ZIMASCO Main Business and Markets Served
7.16.5 ZIMASCO Recent Developments/Updates
7.17 ZimAlloys
7.17.1 ZimAlloys Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.17.2 ZimAlloys Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.17.3 ZimAlloys Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.17.4 ZimAlloys Main Business and Markets Served
7.17.5 ZimAlloys Recent Developments/Updates
7.18 Maranatha Ferrochrome (RioZim)
7.18.1 Maranatha Ferrochrome (RioZim) Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.18.2 Maranatha Ferrochrome (RioZim) Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.18.3 Maranatha Ferrochrome (RioZim) Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.18.4 Maranatha Ferrochrome (RioZim) Main Business and Markets Served
7.18.5 Maranatha Ferrochrome (RioZim) Recent Developments/Updates
7.19 Oliken Ferroalloys
7.19.1 Oliken Ferroalloys Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.19.2 Oliken Ferroalloys Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.19.3 Oliken Ferroalloys Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.19.4 Oliken Ferroalloys Main Business and Markets Served
7.19.5 Oliken Ferroalloys Recent Developments/Updates
7.20 Vargon Alloys
7.20.1 Vargon Alloys Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.20.2 Vargon Alloys Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.20.3 Vargon Alloys Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.20.4 Vargon Alloys Main Business and Markets Served
7.20.5 Vargon Alloys Recent Developments/Updates
7.21 Indsil
7.21.1 Indsil Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.21.2 Indsil Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.21.3 Indsil Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.21.4 Indsil Main Business and Markets Served
7.21.5 Indsil Recent Developments/Updates
7.22 Harsco
7.22.1 Harsco Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.22.2 Harsco Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.22.3 Harsco Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.22.4 Harsco Main Business and Markets Served
7.22.5 Harsco Recent Developments/Updates
7.23 Yildirim Group
7.23.1 Yildirim Group Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.23.2 Yildirim Group Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.23.3 Yildirim Group Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.23.4 Yildirim Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.23.5 Yildirim Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.24 S.C. Feral S.R.L.
7.24.1 S.C. Feral S.R.L. Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.24.2 S.C. Feral S.R.L. Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.24.3 S.C. Feral S.R.L. Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.24.4 S.C. Feral S.R.L. Main Business and Markets Served
7.24.5 S.C. Feral S.R.L. Recent Developments/Updates
7.25 Balasore Alloys Limited
7.25.1 Balasore Alloys Limited Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.25.2 Balasore Alloys Limited Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.25.3 Balasore Alloys Limited Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.25.4 Balasore Alloys Limited Main Business and Markets Served
7.25.5 Balasore Alloys Limited Recent Developments/Updates
7.26 Sarojini Ferro Alloys LLC
7.26.1 Sarojini Ferro Alloys LLC Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.26.2 Sarojini Ferro Alloys LLC Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.26.3 Sarojini Ferro Alloys LLC Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.26.4 Sarojini Ferro Alloys LLC Main Business and Markets Served
7.26.5 Sarojini Ferro Alloys LLC Recent Developments/Updates
7.27 Vyankatesh Metals & Alloys Pvt Ltd
7.27.1 Vyankatesh Metals & Alloys Pvt Ltd Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.27.2 Vyankatesh Metals & Alloys Pvt Ltd Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.27.3 Vyankatesh Metals & Alloys Pvt Ltd Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.27.4 Vyankatesh Metals & Alloys Pvt Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
7.27.5 Vyankatesh Metals & Alloys Pvt Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
7.28 Shyamji Group
7.28.1 Shyamji Group Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.28.2 Shyamji Group Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.28.3 Shyamji Group Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.28.4 Shyamji Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.28.5 Shyamji Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.29 China Minmetals Corporation.
7.29.1 China Minmetals Corporation. Ferro Alloys Corporation Information
7.29.2 China Minmetals Corporation. Ferro Alloys Product Portfolio
7.29.3 China Minmetals Corporation. Ferro Alloys Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.29.4 China Minmetals Corporation. Main Business and Markets Served
7.29.5 China Minmetals Corporation. Recent Developments/Updates
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Ferro Alloys Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Ferro Alloys Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Ferro Alloys Production Mode & Process
8.4 Ferro Alloys Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Ferro Alloys Sales Channels
8.4.2 Ferro Alloys Distributors
8.5 Ferro Alloys Customers
9 Ferro Alloys Market Dynamics
9.1 Ferro Alloys Industry Trends
9.2 Ferro Alloys Market Drivers
9.3 Ferro Alloys Market Challenges
9.4 Ferro Alloys Market Restraints
10 Research Finding and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology/Research Approach
11.1.1 Research Programs/Design
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Secondary Sources
11.2.2 Primary Sources
11.3 Author List
11.4 Disclaimer

Published By : QY Research

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