Index
1 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Overground Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel
1.2.3 Underground Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel
1.3 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 Oil
1.3.3 Gas
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.3 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.4 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.5 Assumptions and Limitations
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.3 Global Key Players of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
2.4 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel, Product Offered and Application
2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel, Date of Enter into This Industry
2.9 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.9.1 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Concentration Rate
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Players Market Share by Revenue
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production by Region
3.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value by Region (2019-2030)
3.2.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel by Region (2025-2030)
3.3 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.4 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production by Region (2019-2030)
3.4.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel by Region (2025-2030)
3.5 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
3.6 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth
3.6.1 North America Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.2 Europe Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.3 China Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.4 Japan Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.2.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
4.3 North America
4.3.1 North America Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.3.2 North America Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.3.3 U.S.
4.3.4 Canada
4.4 Europe
4.4.1 Europe Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Europe Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.4.3 Germany
4.4.4 France
4.4.5 U.K.
4.4.6 Italy
4.4.7 Russia
4.5 Asia Pacific
4.5.1 Asia Pacific Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.5.2 Asia Pacific Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.5.3 China
4.5.4 Japan
4.5.5 South Korea
4.5.6 China Taiwan
4.5.7 Southeast Asia
4.5.8 India
4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.6.3 Mexico
4.6.4 Brazil
4.6.5 Turkey
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production by Type (2019-2030)
5.1.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production by Type (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production by Type (2025-2030)
5.1.3 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value by Type (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value by Type (2025-2030)
5.2.3 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Price by Type (2019-2030)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production by Application (2019-2030)
6.1.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production by Application (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production by Application (2025-2030)
6.1.3 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value by Application (2019-2024)
6.2.2 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value by Application (2025-2030)
6.2.3 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Price by Application (2019-2030)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Gerdau S.A
7.1.1 Gerdau S.A Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.1.2 Gerdau S.A Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Gerdau S.A Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.1.4 Gerdau S.A Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Gerdau S.A Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 ArcelorMittal
7.2.1 ArcelorMittal Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.2.2 ArcelorMittal Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.2.3 ArcelorMittal Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.2.4 ArcelorMittal Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 ArcelorMittal Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Tata Steel
7.3.1 Tata Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.3.2 Tata Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Tata Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.3.4 Tata Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Tata Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal
7.4.1 Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.4.2 Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.4.4 Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 POSCO
7.5.1 POSCO Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.5.2 POSCO Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.5.3 POSCO Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.5.4 POSCO Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 POSCO Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 ThyssenKrupp
7.6.1 ThyssenKrupp Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.6.2 ThyssenKrupp Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.6.3 ThyssenKrupp Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.6.4 ThyssenKrupp Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 ThyssenKrupp Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 JSW Steel
7.7.1 JSW Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.7.2 JSW Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.7.3 JSW Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.7.4 JSW Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 JSW Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.8 Essar Steel
7.8.1 Essar Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.8.2 Essar Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.8.3 Essar Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.8.4 Essar Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Essar Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.9 TISCO
7.9.1 TISCO Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.9.2 TISCO Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.9.3 TISCO Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.9.4 TISCO Main Business and Markets Served
7.9.5 TISCO Recent Developments/Updates
7.10 Southern Steel Company(SSC)
7.10.1 Southern Steel Company(SSC) Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.10.2 Southern Steel Company(SSC) Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.10.3 Southern Steel Company(SSC) Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.10.4 Southern Steel Company(SSC) Main Business and Markets Served
7.10.5 Southern Steel Company(SSC) Recent Developments/Updates
7.11 Pomina
7.11.1 Pomina Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.11.2 Pomina Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.11.3 Pomina Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.11.4 Pomina Main Business and Markets Served
7.11.5 Pomina Recent Developments/Updates
7.12 Krakatau Steel
7.12.1 Krakatau Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.12.2 Krakatau Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.12.3 Krakatau Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.12.4 Krakatau Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.12.5 Krakatau Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.13 Sahaviriya Steel Industries
7.13.1 Sahaviriya Steel Industries Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.13.2 Sahaviriya Steel Industries Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.13.3 Sahaviriya Steel Industries Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.13.4 Sahaviriya Steel Industries Main Business and Markets Served
7.13.5 Sahaviriya Steel Industries Recent Developments/Updates
7.14 G Steel PCL
7.14.1 G Steel PCL Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.14.2 G Steel PCL Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.14.3 G Steel PCL Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.14.4 G Steel PCL Main Business and Markets Served
7.14.5 G Steel PCL Recent Developments/Updates
7.15 SAMC
7.15.1 SAMC Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.15.2 SAMC Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.15.3 SAMC Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.15.4 SAMC Main Business and Markets Served
7.15.5 SAMC Recent Developments/Updates
7.16 Capitol Steel
7.16.1 Capitol Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.16.2 Capitol Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.16.3 Capitol Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.16.4 Capitol Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.16.5 Capitol Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.17 Hyundai Steel
7.17.1 Hyundai Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.17.2 Hyundai Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.17.3 Hyundai Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.17.4 Hyundai Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.17.5 Hyundai Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.18 Nucor Steel
7.18.1 Nucor Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.18.2 Nucor Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.18.3 Nucor Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.18.4 Nucor Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.18.5 Nucor Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.19 Baosteel
7.19.1 Baosteel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.19.2 Baosteel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.19.3 Baosteel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.19.4 Baosteel Main Business and Markets Served
7.19.5 Baosteel Recent Developments/Updates
7.20 Ansteel
7.20.1 Ansteel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.20.2 Ansteel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.20.3 Ansteel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.20.4 Ansteel Main Business and Markets Served
7.20.5 Ansteel Recent Developments/Updates
7.21 Wuhan Iron and Steel
7.21.1 Wuhan Iron and Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.21.2 Wuhan Iron and Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.21.3 Wuhan Iron and Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.21.4 Wuhan Iron and Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.21.5 Wuhan Iron and Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.22 Shagang Group
7.22.1 Shagang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.22.2 Shagang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.22.3 Shagang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.22.4 Shagang Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.22.5 Shagang Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.23 Shandong Iron & Steel Group
7.23.1 Shandong Iron & Steel Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.23.2 Shandong Iron & Steel Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.23.3 Shandong Iron & Steel Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.23.4 Shandong Iron & Steel Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.23.5 Shandong Iron & Steel Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.24 Ma Steel
7.24.1 Ma Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.24.2 Ma Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.24.3 Ma Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.24.4 Ma Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.24.5 Ma Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.25 Bohai Steel
7.25.1 Bohai Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.25.2 Bohai Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.25.3 Bohai Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.25.4 Bohai Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.25.5 Bohai Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.26 Shougang Group
7.26.1 Shougang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.26.2 Shougang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.26.3 Shougang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.26.4 Shougang Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.26.5 Shougang Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.27 Valin Steel
7.27.1 Valin Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.27.2 Valin Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.27.3 Valin Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.27.4 Valin Steel Main Business and Markets Served
7.27.5 Valin Steel Recent Developments/Updates
7.28 Anyang Iron & Steel Group
7.28.1 Anyang Iron & Steel Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.28.2 Anyang Iron & Steel Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.28.3 Anyang Iron & Steel Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.28.4 Anyang Iron & Steel Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.28.5 Anyang Iron & Steel Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.29 Baogang Group
7.29.1 Baogang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
7.29.2 Baogang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Portfolio
7.29.3 Baogang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.29.4 Baogang Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.29.5 Baogang Group Recent Developments/Updates
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Mode & Process
8.4 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Sales Channels
8.4.2 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Distributors
8.5 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Customers
9 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Dynamics
9.1 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Industry Trends
9.2 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Drivers
9.3 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Challenges
9.4 Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Restraints
10 Research Finding and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology/Research Approach
11.1.1 Research Programs/Design
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Secondary Sources
11.2.2 Primary Sources
11.3 Author List
11.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Table 2. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Table 3. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Capacity (MT) by Manufacturers in 2023
Table 4. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (MT)
Table 5. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 8. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Industry Ranking 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel as of 2023)
Table 10. Global Market Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Average Price by Manufacturers (USD/MT) & (2019-2024)
Table 11. Manufacturers Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Types
Table 13. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 15. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 17. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 18. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 19. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 20. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (MT)
Table 21. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 22. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 23. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 24. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 25. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Average Price (USD/MT) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Average Price (USD/MT) by Region (2025-2030)
Table 27. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (MT)
Table 28. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (MT)
Table 29. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 30. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (MT)
Table 31. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 32. North America Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (MT)
Table 33. North America Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (MT)
Table 34. North America Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (MT)
Table 35. Europe Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (MT)
Table 36. Europe Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (MT)
Table 37. Europe Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (MT)
Table 38. Asia Pacific Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (MT)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (MT)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (MT)
Table 41. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (MT)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (MT)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (MT)
Table 44. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 45. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 46. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 47. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 48. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 49. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 50. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 51. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 52. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Price (USD/MT) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 53. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Price (USD/MT) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 54. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 55. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 56. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 57. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 58. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 59. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 60. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 61. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 62. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Price (USD/MT) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 63. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Price (USD/MT) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 64. Gerdau S.A Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 65. Gerdau S.A Specification and Application
Table 66. Gerdau S.A Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 67. Gerdau S.A Main Business and Markets Served
Table 68. Gerdau S.A Recent Developments/Updates
Table 69. ArcelorMittal Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 70. ArcelorMittal Specification and Application
Table 71. ArcelorMittal Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 72. ArcelorMittal Main Business and Markets Served
Table 73. ArcelorMittal Recent Developments/Updates
Table 74. Tata Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 75. Tata Steel Specification and Application
Table 76. Tata Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 77. Tata Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 78. Tata Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 79. Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 80. Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Specification and Application
Table 81. Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 82. Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table 83. Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Recent Developments/Updates
Table 84. POSCO Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 85. POSCO Specification and Application
Table 86. POSCO Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 87. POSCO Main Business and Markets Served
Table 88. POSCO Recent Developments/Updates
Table 89. ThyssenKrupp Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 90. ThyssenKrupp Specification and Application
Table 91. ThyssenKrupp Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 92. ThyssenKrupp Main Business and Markets Served
Table 93. ThyssenKrupp Recent Developments/Updates
Table 94. JSW Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 95. JSW Steel Specification and Application
Table 96. JSW Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 97. JSW Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 98. JSW Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 99. Essar Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 100. Essar Steel Specification and Application
Table 101. Essar Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 102. Essar Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 103. Essar Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 104. TISCO Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 105. TISCO Specification and Application
Table 106. TISCO Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 107. TISCO Main Business and Markets Served
Table 108. TISCO Recent Developments/Updates
Table 109. Southern Steel Company(SSC) Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 110. Southern Steel Company(SSC) Specification and Application
Table 111. Southern Steel Company(SSC) Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 112. Southern Steel Company(SSC) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 113. Southern Steel Company(SSC) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 114. Pomina Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 115. Pomina Specification and Application
Table 116. Pomina Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 117. Pomina Main Business and Markets Served
Table 118. Pomina Recent Developments/Updates
Table 119. Krakatau Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 120. Krakatau Steel Specification and Application
Table 121. Krakatau Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 122. Krakatau Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 123. Krakatau Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 124. Sahaviriya Steel Industries Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 125. Sahaviriya Steel Industries Specification and Application
Table 126. Sahaviriya Steel Industries Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 127. Sahaviriya Steel Industries Main Business and Markets Served
Table 128. Sahaviriya Steel Industries Recent Developments/Updates
Table 129. G Steel PCL Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 130. G Steel PCL Specification and Application
Table 131. G Steel PCL Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 132. G Steel PCL Main Business and Markets Served
Table 133. G Steel PCL Recent Developments/Updates
Table 134. G Steel PCL Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 135. SAMC Specification and Application
Table 136. SAMC Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 137. SAMC Main Business and Markets Served
Table 138. SAMC Recent Developments/Updates
Table 139. Capitol Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 140. Capitol Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 141. Capitol Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 142. Capitol Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 143. Hyundai Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 144. Hyundai Steel Specification and Application
Table 145. Hyundai Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 146. Hyundai Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 147. Hyundai Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 148. Nucor Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 149. Nucor Steel Specification and Application
Table 150. Nucor Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 151. Nucor Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 152. Nucor Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 153. Baosteel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 154. Baosteel Specification and Application
Table 155. Baosteel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 156. Baosteel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 157. Baosteel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 158. Ansteel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 159. Ansteel Specification and Application
Table 160. Ansteel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 161. Ansteel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 162. Ansteel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 163. Wuhan Iron and Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 164. Wuhan Iron and Steel Specification and Application
Table 165. Wuhan Iron and Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 166. Wuhan Iron and Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 167. Wuhan Iron and Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 168. Shagang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 169. Shagang Group Specification and Application
Table 170. Shagang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 171. Shagang Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 172. Shagang Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 173. Shandong Iron & Steel Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 174. Shandong Iron & Steel Group Specification and Application
Table 175. Shandong Iron & Steel Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 176. Shandong Iron & Steel Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 177. Shandong Iron & Steel Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 178. Ma Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 179. Ma Steel Specification and Application
Table 180. Ma Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 181. Ma Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 182. Ma Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 183. Bohai Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 184. Bohai Steel Specification and Application
Table 185. Bohai Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 186. Bohai Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 187. Bohai Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 188. Shougang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 189. Shougang Group Specification and Application
Table 190. Shougang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 191. Shougang Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 192. Shougang Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 193. Valin Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 194. Valin Steel Specification and Application
Table 195. Valin Steel Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 196. Valin Steel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 197. Valin Steel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 198. Anyang Iron & Steel Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 199. Anyang Iron & Steel Group Specification and Application
Table 200. Anyang Iron & Steel Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 201. Anyang Iron & Steel Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 202. Anyang Iron & Steel Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 203. Baogang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Corporation Information
Table 204. Baogang Group Specification and Application
Table 205. Baogang Group Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 206. Baogang Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 207. Baogang Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 208. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 209. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 210. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Distributors List
Table 211. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Customers List
Table 212. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Trends
Table 213. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Drivers
Table 214. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Challenges
Table 215. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Restraints
Table 216. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 217. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 218. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel
Figure 2. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Figure 3. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Share by Type: 2023 VS 2030
Figure 4. Overground Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Picture
Figure 5. Underground Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Figure 7. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Share by Application: 2023 VS 2030
Figure 8. Oil
Figure 9. Gas
Figure 10. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 11. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) & (2019-2030)
Figure 12. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Capacity (MT) & (2019-2030)
Figure 13. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production (MT) & (2019-2030)
Figure 14. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Average Price (USD/MT) & (2019-2030)
Figure 15. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Report Years Considered
Figure 16. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 17. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023
Figure 18. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Revenue in 2023
Figure 19. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 21. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (MT)
Figure 22. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 23. North America Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 24. Europe Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 25. China Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 26. Japan Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 27. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (MT)
Figure 28. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 29. North America Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 30. North America Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 31. Canada Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 32. U.S. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 33. Europe Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 34. Europe Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 35. Germany Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 36. France Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 37. U.K. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 38. Italy Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 39. Russia Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 40. Asia Pacific Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 41. Asia Pacific Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Market Share by Regions (2019-2030)
Figure 42. China Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 43. Japan Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 44. South Korea Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 45. China Taiwan Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 46. Southeast Asia Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 47. India Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 48. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 49. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 50. Mexico Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 51. Brazil Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 52. Turkey Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 53. GCC Countries Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (MT)
Figure 54. Global Production Market Share of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 55. Global Production Value Market Share of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 56. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Price (USD/MT) by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 57. Global Production Market Share of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 58. Global Production Value Market Share of Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 59. Global Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Price (USD/MT) by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 60. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Value Chain
Figure 61. Oil-and-Gas Pipeline Steel Production Process
Figure 62. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 63. Distributors Profiles
Figure 64. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 65. Data Triangulation