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Smart IC Card-Global Market Insights and Sales Trends 2025
Synopsis
The global Smart IC Card market size is expected to reach US$ million by 2029, growing at a CAGR of % from 2023 to 2029. The market is mainly driven by the significant applications of Smart IC Card in various end use industries. The expanding demands from the Industry &Goverment, Payment, Telecommunications and Others, are propelling Smart IC Card market. Contactless IC Card, one of the segments analysed in this report, is projected to record % CAGR and reach US$ million by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the Contact IC Card segment is estimated at % CAGR for the next seven-year period.
The driving factors for smart IC cards include:
1. Enhanced security: Smart IC cards have built-in microchips that provide advanced security features such as encryption, authentication, and digital signatures. This makes them more secure than traditional magnetic stripe cards, reducing the risk of fraud and unauthorized access.
2. Multifunctionality: Smart IC cards can be used for a variety of applications beyond traditional payment transactions. They can store and process data, provide access control to restricted areas, act as identification cards, store loyalty points, and enable contactless transactions.
3. Convenience and speed: Smart IC cards offer contactless and near-field communication (NFC) capabilities that allow for quick and easy transactions without the need for swiping or inserting the card. This can significantly reduce waiting times in busy environments such as public transportation or access control systems.
4. Increased storage capacity: The microchips in smart IC cards have a higher storage capacity compared to traditional cards. This enables the storage of more information, such as personal data, loyalty program details, or medical records, making them versatile and useful in various contexts.
5. Integration with mobile devices: Smart IC cards can be integrated with smartphones and other mobile devices, allowing users to make contactless payments and access digital information using their devices. This integration enhances convenience and expands the functionality of smart IC cards beyond physical cards.
6. Compatibility and interoperability: Smart IC cards adhere to global standards, ensuring compatibility and interoperability across different systems, networks, and devices. This enables seamless usage of smart IC cards in various environments, including retail, transportation, healthcare, and government sectors.
7. Cost-effectiveness: Although the initial cost of implementing smart IC cards may be higher compared to traditional cards, they offer longer-term cost savings by reducing fraud, improving efficiency, and enabling new revenue streams through value-added services.
8. Regulatory compliance: The adoption of smart IC cards is driven by regulatory requirements, such as the migration to EMV (Europay, Mastercard, Visa) chip technology in payment card systems. Compliance with these regulations ensures security and reduces liability for financial institutions, merchants, and cardholders.
9. Mobile payment trends: With the growing popularity of mobile payment solutions, smart IC cards provide a bridge between traditional payment methods and mobile payment technologies. They offer a familiar form factor while enabling contactless payments and integration with mobile wallets.
10. Technological advancements: Advancements in chip technology, encryption algorithms, and data processing capabilities drive the adoption of smart IC cards. As technology evolves, smart IC cards continue to improve in terms of security, speed, compatibility, and functionality, further fueling their adoption in various industries.
Report Objectives
This report provides market insight on the different segments, by manufacturers, by Type, by Application. Market size and forecast (2018-2029) has been provided in the report. The primary objectives of this report are to provide 1) global market size and forecasts, growth rates, market dynamics, industry structure and developments, market situation, trends; 2) global market share and ranking by company; 3) comprehensive presentation of the global market for Smart IC Card, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis through detailed segmentation; 4) detailed value chain analysis and review of growth factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants; 5) emerging opportunities in the market and the future impact of major drivers and restraints of the market.
Key Features of The Study:
This report provides in-depth analysis of the global Smart IC Card market, and provides market size (US$ million) and CAGR for the forecast period (2023-2029), considering 2022 as the base year.
This report profiles key players in the global Smart IC Card market based on the following parameters - company details (found date, headquarters, manufacturing bases), products portfolio, Smart IC Card sales data, market share and ranking.
This report elucidates potential market opportunities across different segments and explains attractive investment proposition matrices for this market.
This report illustrates key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, market trends, regional outlook.
Key companies of Smart IC Card covered in this report include Gemalto, Giesecke & Devrient, Oberthur Technologies, Morpho (Safran), VALID, Eastcompeace, Wuhan Tianyu, Datang and Kona I, etc.
The global Smart IC Card market report caters to various stakeholders in this industry including investors, suppliers, product manufacturers, distributors, new entrants, and financial analysts.
Market Segmentation
Company Profiles:
Gemalto
Giesecke & Devrient
Oberthur Technologies
Morpho (Safran)
VALID
Eastcompeace
Wuhan Tianyu
Datang
Kona I
CPI Card Group
Watchdata Systems
Hengbao
Global Smart IC Card market, by region:
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, etc.)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, etc.)
South America (Brazil, etc.)
Middle East and Africa (Turkey, GCC Countries, Africa, etc.)
Global Smart IC Card market, Segment by Type:
Contactless IC Card
Contact IC Card
Dual Interface IC Card
Global Smart IC Card market, by Application
Industry &Goverment
Payment
Telecommunications
Others
Core Chapters
Chapter One: Introduces the study scope of this report, executive summary of market segments by Type, market size segments for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Two: Detailed analysis of Smart IC Card manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter Three: Sales, revenue of Smart IC Card in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the future development prospects, and market space in the world.
Chapter Four: Introduces market segments by Application, market size segment for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Five, Six, Seven, Eight and Nine: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, sales and revenue by country.
Chapter Ten: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter Eleven: Analysis of industrial chain, key raw materials, manufacturing cost, and market dynamics. Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter Twelve: Analysis of sales channel, distributors and customers.
Chapter Thirteen: Research Findings and Conclusion.
The global Smart IC Card market size is expected to reach US$ million by 2029, growing at a CAGR of % from 2023 to 2029. The market is mainly driven by the significant applications of Smart IC Card in various end use industries. The expanding demands from the Industry &Goverment, Payment, Telecommunications and Others, are propelling Smart IC Card market. Contactless IC Card, one of the segments analysed in this report, is projected to record % CAGR and reach US$ million by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the Contact IC Card segment is estimated at % CAGR for the next seven-year period.
The driving factors for smart IC cards include:
1. Enhanced security: Smart IC cards have built-in microchips that provide advanced security features such as encryption, authentication, and digital signatures. This makes them more secure than traditional magnetic stripe cards, reducing the risk of fraud and unauthorized access.
2. Multifunctionality: Smart IC cards can be used for a variety of applications beyond traditional payment transactions. They can store and process data, provide access control to restricted areas, act as identification cards, store loyalty points, and enable contactless transactions.
3. Convenience and speed: Smart IC cards offer contactless and near-field communication (NFC) capabilities that allow for quick and easy transactions without the need for swiping or inserting the card. This can significantly reduce waiting times in busy environments such as public transportation or access control systems.
4. Increased storage capacity: The microchips in smart IC cards have a higher storage capacity compared to traditional cards. This enables the storage of more information, such as personal data, loyalty program details, or medical records, making them versatile and useful in various contexts.
5. Integration with mobile devices: Smart IC cards can be integrated with smartphones and other mobile devices, allowing users to make contactless payments and access digital information using their devices. This integration enhances convenience and expands the functionality of smart IC cards beyond physical cards.
6. Compatibility and interoperability: Smart IC cards adhere to global standards, ensuring compatibility and interoperability across different systems, networks, and devices. This enables seamless usage of smart IC cards in various environments, including retail, transportation, healthcare, and government sectors.
7. Cost-effectiveness: Although the initial cost of implementing smart IC cards may be higher compared to traditional cards, they offer longer-term cost savings by reducing fraud, improving efficiency, and enabling new revenue streams through value-added services.
8. Regulatory compliance: The adoption of smart IC cards is driven by regulatory requirements, such as the migration to EMV (Europay, Mastercard, Visa) chip technology in payment card systems. Compliance with these regulations ensures security and reduces liability for financial institutions, merchants, and cardholders.
9. Mobile payment trends: With the growing popularity of mobile payment solutions, smart IC cards provide a bridge between traditional payment methods and mobile payment technologies. They offer a familiar form factor while enabling contactless payments and integration with mobile wallets.
10. Technological advancements: Advancements in chip technology, encryption algorithms, and data processing capabilities drive the adoption of smart IC cards. As technology evolves, smart IC cards continue to improve in terms of security, speed, compatibility, and functionality, further fueling their adoption in various industries.
Report Objectives
This report provides market insight on the different segments, by manufacturers, by Type, by Application. Market size and forecast (2018-2029) has been provided in the report. The primary objectives of this report are to provide 1) global market size and forecasts, growth rates, market dynamics, industry structure and developments, market situation, trends; 2) global market share and ranking by company; 3) comprehensive presentation of the global market for Smart IC Card, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis through detailed segmentation; 4) detailed value chain analysis and review of growth factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants; 5) emerging opportunities in the market and the future impact of major drivers and restraints of the market.
Key Features of The Study:
This report provides in-depth analysis of the global Smart IC Card market, and provides market size (US$ million) and CAGR for the forecast period (2023-2029), considering 2022 as the base year.
This report profiles key players in the global Smart IC Card market based on the following parameters - company details (found date, headquarters, manufacturing bases), products portfolio, Smart IC Card sales data, market share and ranking.
This report elucidates potential market opportunities across different segments and explains attractive investment proposition matrices for this market.
This report illustrates key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, market trends, regional outlook.
Key companies of Smart IC Card covered in this report include Gemalto, Giesecke & Devrient, Oberthur Technologies, Morpho (Safran), VALID, Eastcompeace, Wuhan Tianyu, Datang and Kona I, etc.
The global Smart IC Card market report caters to various stakeholders in this industry including investors, suppliers, product manufacturers, distributors, new entrants, and financial analysts.
Market Segmentation
Company Profiles:
Gemalto
Giesecke & Devrient
Oberthur Technologies
Morpho (Safran)
VALID
Eastcompeace
Wuhan Tianyu
Datang
Kona I
CPI Card Group
Watchdata Systems
Hengbao
Global Smart IC Card market, by region:
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, etc.)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, etc.)
South America (Brazil, etc.)
Middle East and Africa (Turkey, GCC Countries, Africa, etc.)
Global Smart IC Card market, Segment by Type:
Contactless IC Card
Contact IC Card
Dual Interface IC Card
Global Smart IC Card market, by Application
Industry &Goverment
Payment
Telecommunications
Others
Core Chapters
Chapter One: Introduces the study scope of this report, executive summary of market segments by Type, market size segments for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Two: Detailed analysis of Smart IC Card manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter Three: Sales, revenue of Smart IC Card in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the future development prospects, and market space in the world.
Chapter Four: Introduces market segments by Application, market size segment for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Five, Six, Seven, Eight and Nine: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, sales and revenue by country.
Chapter Ten: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter Eleven: Analysis of industrial chain, key raw materials, manufacturing cost, and market dynamics. Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter Twelve: Analysis of sales channel, distributors and customers.
Chapter Thirteen: Research Findings and Conclusion.
Index1 Smart IC Card Market Overview
1.1 Smart IC Card Product Overview
1.2 Smart IC Card Market Segment by Type
1.2.1 Contactless IC Card
1.2.2 Contact IC Card
1.2.3 Dual Interface IC Card
1.3 Global Smart IC Card Market Size by Type
1.3.1 Global Smart IC Card Market Size Overview by Type (2018-2029)
1.3.2 Global Smart IC Card Historic Market Size Review by Type (2018-2023)
1.3.3 Global Smart IC Card Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2029)
1.4 Key Regions Market Size Segment by Type
1.4.1 North America Smart IC Card Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.2 Europe Smart IC Card Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.3 Asia-Pacific Smart IC Card Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.4 Latin America Smart IC Card Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.5 Middle East and Africa Smart IC Card Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
2 Global Smart IC Card Market Competition by Company
2.1 Global Top Players by Smart IC Card Sales (2018-2023)
2.2 Global Top Players by Smart IC Card Revenue (2018-2023)
2.3 Global Top Players by Smart IC Card Price (2018-2023)
2.4 Global Top Manufacturers Smart IC Card Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
2.5 Smart IC Card Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.5.1 Smart IC Card Market Concentration Rate (2018-2023)
2.5.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Smart IC Card Sales and Revenue in 2022
2.6 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Smart IC Card as of 2022)
2.7 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Smart IC Card Market
2.8 Key Manufacturers Smart IC Card Product Offered
2.9 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Smart IC Card Status and Outlook by Region
3.1 Global Smart IC Card Market Size and CAGR by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
3.2 Global Smart IC Card Historic Market Size by Region
3.2.1 Global Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Region (2018-2023)
3.2.2 Global Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Region (2018-2023)
3.2.3 Global Smart IC Card Sales (Volume & Value) Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Smart IC Card Forecasted Market Size by Region
3.3.1 Global Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Region (2024-2029)
3.3.2 Global Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Region (2024-2029)
3.3.3 Global Smart IC Card Sales (Volume & Value), Price and Gross Margin (2024-2029)
4 Global Smart IC Card by Application
4.1 Smart IC Card Market Segment by Application
4.1.1 Industry &Goverment
4.1.2 Payment
4.1.3 Telecommunications
4.1.4 Others
4.2 Global Smart IC Card Market Size by Application
4.2.1 Global Smart IC Card Market Size Overview by Application (2018-2029)
4.2.2 Global Smart IC Card Historic Market Size Review by Application (2018-2023)
4.2.3 Global Smart IC Card Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2029)
4.3 Key Regions Market Size Segment by Application
4.3.1 North America Smart IC Card Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.2 Europe Smart IC Card Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.3 Asia-Pacific Smart IC Card Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.4 Latin America Smart IC Card Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.5 Middle East and Africa Smart IC Card Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
5 North America Smart IC Card by Country
5.1 North America Smart IC Card Historic Market Size by Country
5.1.1 North America Smart IC Card Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
5.1.2 North America Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
5.1.3 North America Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
5.2 North America Smart IC Card Forecasted Market Size by Country
5.2.1 North America Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
5.2.2 North America Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
6 Europe Smart IC Card by Country
6.1 Europe Smart IC Card Historic Market Size by Country
6.1.1 Europe Smart IC Card Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
6.1.2 Europe Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
6.1.3 Europe Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
6.2 Europe Smart IC Card Forecasted Market Size by Country
6.2.1 Europe Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
6.2.2 Europe Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
7 Asia-Pacific Smart IC Card by Region
7.1 Asia-Pacific Smart IC Card Historic Market Size by Region
7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Smart IC Card Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Region (2018-2023)
7.1.3 Asia-Pacific Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Region (2018-2023)
7.2 Asia-Pacific Smart IC Card Forecasted Market Size by Region
7.2.1 Asia-Pacific Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Region (2024-2029)
7.2.2 Asia-Pacific Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Region (2024-2029)
8 Latin America Smart IC Card by Country
8.1 Latin America Smart IC Card Historic Market Size by Country
8.1.1 Latin America Smart IC Card Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
8.1.2 Latin America Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
8.1.3 Latin America Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
8.2 Latin America Smart IC Card Forecasted Market Size by Country
8.2.1 Latin America Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
8.2.2 Latin America Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
9 Middle East and Africa Smart IC Card by Country
9.1 Middle East and Africa Smart IC Card Historic Market Size by Country
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Smart IC Card Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
9.1.3 Middle East and Africa Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Smart IC Card Forecasted Market Size by Country
9.2.1 Middle East and Africa Smart IC Card Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
9.2.2 Middle East and Africa Smart IC Card Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
10 Company Profiles
10.1 Gemalto
10.1.1 Gemalto Company Information
10.1.2 Gemalto Introduction and Business Overview
10.1.3 Gemalto Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.1.4 Gemalto Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.1.5 Gemalto Recent Development
10.2 Giesecke & Devrient
10.2.1 Giesecke & Devrient Company Information
10.2.2 Giesecke & Devrient Introduction and Business Overview
10.2.3 Giesecke & Devrient Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.2.4 Giesecke & Devrient Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.2.5 Giesecke & Devrient Recent Development
10.3 Oberthur Technologies
10.3.1 Oberthur Technologies Company Information
10.3.2 Oberthur Technologies Introduction and Business Overview
10.3.3 Oberthur Technologies Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.3.4 Oberthur Technologies Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.3.5 Oberthur Technologies Recent Development
10.4 Morpho (Safran)
10.4.1 Morpho (Safran) Company Information
10.4.2 Morpho (Safran) Introduction and Business Overview
10.4.3 Morpho (Safran) Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.4.4 Morpho (Safran) Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.4.5 Morpho (Safran) Recent Development
10.5 VALID
10.5.1 VALID Company Information
10.5.2 VALID Introduction and Business Overview
10.5.3 VALID Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.5.4 VALID Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.5.5 VALID Recent Development
10.6 Eastcompeace
10.6.1 Eastcompeace Company Information
10.6.2 Eastcompeace Introduction and Business Overview
10.6.3 Eastcompeace Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.6.4 Eastcompeace Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.6.5 Eastcompeace Recent Development
10.7 Wuhan Tianyu
10.7.1 Wuhan Tianyu Company Information
10.7.2 Wuhan Tianyu Introduction and Business Overview
10.7.3 Wuhan Tianyu Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.7.4 Wuhan Tianyu Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.7.5 Wuhan Tianyu Recent Development
10.8 Datang
10.8.1 Datang Company Information
10.8.2 Datang Introduction and Business Overview
10.8.3 Datang Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.8.4 Datang Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.8.5 Datang Recent Development
10.9 Kona I
10.9.1 Kona I Company Information
10.9.2 Kona I Introduction and Business Overview
10.9.3 Kona I Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.9.4 Kona I Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.9.5 Kona I Recent Development
10.10 CPI Card Group
10.10.1 CPI Card Group Company Information
10.10.2 CPI Card Group Introduction and Business Overview
10.10.3 CPI Card Group Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.10.4 CPI Card Group Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.10.5 CPI Card Group Recent Development
10.11 Watchdata Systems
10.11.1 Watchdata Systems Company Information
10.11.2 Watchdata Systems Introduction and Business Overview
10.11.3 Watchdata Systems Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.11.4 Watchdata Systems Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.11.5 Watchdata Systems Recent Development
10.12 Hengbao
10.12.1 Hengbao Company Information
10.12.2 Hengbao Introduction and Business Overview
10.12.3 Hengbao Smart IC Card Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.12.4 Hengbao Smart IC Card Products Offered
10.12.5 Hengbao Recent Development
11 Upstream, Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis
11.1 Smart IC Card Key Raw Materials
11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
11.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price
11.1.3 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
11.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure
11.2.1 Raw Materials
11.2.2 Labor Cost
11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Smart IC Card Industrial Chain Analysis
11.4 Smart IC Card Market Dynamics
11.4.1 Smart IC Card Industry Trends
11.4.2 Smart IC Card Market Drivers
11.4.3 Smart IC Card Market Challenges
11.4.4 Smart IC Card Market Restraints
12 Market Strategy Analysis, Distributors
12.1 Sales Channel
12.2 Smart IC Card Distributors
12.3 Smart IC Card Downstream Customers
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Research Methodology
14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.2 Data Source
14.2 Author Details
14.3 Disclaimer
Published By : QY Research
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