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Frameless Brushless DC Motors-Global Market Insights and Sales Trends 2025
Synopsis
Brushless DC electric motor (BLDC motors, BL motors) also known as electronically commutated motors (ECMs, EC motors), or synchronous DC motors, are synchronous motors powered by DC electricity via an inverter or switching power supply which produces an AC electric current to drive each phase of the motor via a closed loop controller. The controller provides pulses of current to the motor windings that control the speed and torque of the motor.
For example, in components space and weight are a prime concern, with standard solutions coming up against their limits. For this reason, motor is offering its brushless motors as frameless motor kits. Rotors and stators are delivered separately – without bearings or motorshaft – and connected only when the components are assembled. In this way, customers achieve the best of both worlds: high torque density and minimum volume.
The global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market size is expected to reach US$ 296.2 million by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 3.2% from 2023 to 2029. The market is mainly driven by the significant applications of Frameless Brushless DC Motors in various end use industries. The expanding demands from the Industrial Automation, Medical Device, Aerospace & Defense and Others, are propelling Frameless Brushless DC Motors market. 12V-24V, one of the segments analysed in this report, is projected to record % CAGR and reach US$ million by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the 24V-48V segment is estimated at % CAGR for the next seven-year period.
Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors key players include Kollmorgen, Moog, Maxon Motor, BEI Kimco, Shinano Kenshi, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share about 50%.
North America is the largest market, with a share over 35%, followed by China, and Europe, both have a share about 40 percent.
In terms of product, 12V-24V is the largest segment, with a share nearly 50%. And in terms of application, the largest application is Industrial Automation, followed by Aerospace and Defense, Medical Device, etc.
Report Objectives
This report provides market insight on the different segments, by manufacturers, by Type, by Application. Market size and forecast (2018-2029) has been provided in the report. The primary objectives of this report are to provide 1) global market size and forecasts, growth rates, market dynamics, industry structure and developments, market situation, trends; 2) global market share and ranking by company; 3) comprehensive presentation of the global market for Frameless Brushless DC Motors, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis through detailed segmentation; 4) detailed value chain analysis and review of growth factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants; 5) emerging opportunities in the market and the future impact of major drivers and restraints of the market.
Key Features of The Study:
This report provides in-depth analysis of the global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market, and provides market size (US$ million) and CAGR for the forecast period (2023-2029), considering 2022 as the base year.
This report profiles key players in the global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market based on the following parameters - company details (found date, headquarters, manufacturing bases), products portfolio, Frameless Brushless DC Motors sales data, market share and ranking.
This report elucidates potential market opportunities across different segments and explains attractive investment proposition matrices for this market.
This report illustrates key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, market trends, regional outlook.
Key companies of Frameless Brushless DC Motors covered in this report include Kollmorgen, Moog, Maxon Motor, BEI Kimco, Woodward, Shinano Kenshi, Johnson Electric, Portescap and Skurka Aerospace, etc.
The global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market report caters to various stakeholders in this industry including investors, suppliers, product manufacturers, distributors, new entrants, and financial analysts.
Market Segmentation
Company Profiles:
Kollmorgen
Moog
Maxon Motor
BEI Kimco
Woodward
Shinano Kenshi
Johnson Electric
Portescap
Skurka Aerospace
Servotecnica
Mclennan
Aerotech
ARC Systems
Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market, by region:
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, etc.)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, etc.)
South America (Brazil, etc.)
Middle East and Africa (Turkey, GCC Countries, Africa, etc.)
Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market, Segment by Type:
12V-24V
24V-48V
Others
Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market, by Application
Industrial Automation
Medical Device
Aerospace & Defense
Others
Core Chapters
Chapter One: Introduces the study scope of this report, executive summary of market segments by Type, market size segments for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Two: Detailed analysis of Frameless Brushless DC Motors manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter Three: Sales, revenue of Frameless Brushless DC Motors in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the future development prospects, and market space in the world.
Chapter Four: Introduces market segments by Application, market size segment for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Five, Six, Seven, Eight and Nine: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, sales and revenue by country.
Chapter Ten: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter Eleven: Analysis of industrial chain, key raw materials, manufacturing cost, and market dynamics. Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter Twelve: Analysis of sales channel, distributors and customers.
Chapter Thirteen: Research Findings and Conclusion.
Brushless DC electric motor (BLDC motors, BL motors) also known as electronically commutated motors (ECMs, EC motors), or synchronous DC motors, are synchronous motors powered by DC electricity via an inverter or switching power supply which produces an AC electric current to drive each phase of the motor via a closed loop controller. The controller provides pulses of current to the motor windings that control the speed and torque of the motor.
For example, in components space and weight are a prime concern, with standard solutions coming up against their limits. For this reason, motor is offering its brushless motors as frameless motor kits. Rotors and stators are delivered separately – without bearings or motorshaft – and connected only when the components are assembled. In this way, customers achieve the best of both worlds: high torque density and minimum volume.
The global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market size is expected to reach US$ 296.2 million by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 3.2% from 2023 to 2029. The market is mainly driven by the significant applications of Frameless Brushless DC Motors in various end use industries. The expanding demands from the Industrial Automation, Medical Device, Aerospace & Defense and Others, are propelling Frameless Brushless DC Motors market. 12V-24V, one of the segments analysed in this report, is projected to record % CAGR and reach US$ million by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the 24V-48V segment is estimated at % CAGR for the next seven-year period.
Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors key players include Kollmorgen, Moog, Maxon Motor, BEI Kimco, Shinano Kenshi, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share about 50%.
North America is the largest market, with a share over 35%, followed by China, and Europe, both have a share about 40 percent.
In terms of product, 12V-24V is the largest segment, with a share nearly 50%. And in terms of application, the largest application is Industrial Automation, followed by Aerospace and Defense, Medical Device, etc.
Report Objectives
This report provides market insight on the different segments, by manufacturers, by Type, by Application. Market size and forecast (2018-2029) has been provided in the report. The primary objectives of this report are to provide 1) global market size and forecasts, growth rates, market dynamics, industry structure and developments, market situation, trends; 2) global market share and ranking by company; 3) comprehensive presentation of the global market for Frameless Brushless DC Motors, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis through detailed segmentation; 4) detailed value chain analysis and review of growth factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants; 5) emerging opportunities in the market and the future impact of major drivers and restraints of the market.
Key Features of The Study:
This report provides in-depth analysis of the global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market, and provides market size (US$ million) and CAGR for the forecast period (2023-2029), considering 2022 as the base year.
This report profiles key players in the global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market based on the following parameters - company details (found date, headquarters, manufacturing bases), products portfolio, Frameless Brushless DC Motors sales data, market share and ranking.
This report elucidates potential market opportunities across different segments and explains attractive investment proposition matrices for this market.
This report illustrates key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, market trends, regional outlook.
Key companies of Frameless Brushless DC Motors covered in this report include Kollmorgen, Moog, Maxon Motor, BEI Kimco, Woodward, Shinano Kenshi, Johnson Electric, Portescap and Skurka Aerospace, etc.
The global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market report caters to various stakeholders in this industry including investors, suppliers, product manufacturers, distributors, new entrants, and financial analysts.
Market Segmentation
Company Profiles:
Kollmorgen
Moog
Maxon Motor
BEI Kimco
Woodward
Shinano Kenshi
Johnson Electric
Portescap
Skurka Aerospace
Servotecnica
Mclennan
Aerotech
ARC Systems
Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market, by region:
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, etc.)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, etc.)
South America (Brazil, etc.)
Middle East and Africa (Turkey, GCC Countries, Africa, etc.)
Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market, Segment by Type:
12V-24V
24V-48V
Others
Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors market, by Application
Industrial Automation
Medical Device
Aerospace & Defense
Others
Core Chapters
Chapter One: Introduces the study scope of this report, executive summary of market segments by Type, market size segments for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Two: Detailed analysis of Frameless Brushless DC Motors manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter Three: Sales, revenue of Frameless Brushless DC Motors in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the future development prospects, and market space in the world.
Chapter Four: Introduces market segments by Application, market size segment for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Five, Six, Seven, Eight and Nine: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, sales and revenue by country.
Chapter Ten: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter Eleven: Analysis of industrial chain, key raw materials, manufacturing cost, and market dynamics. Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter Twelve: Analysis of sales channel, distributors and customers.
Chapter Thirteen: Research Findings and Conclusion.
Index1 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Overview
1.1 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Product Overview
1.2 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Segment by Type
1.2.1 12V-24V
1.2.2 24V-48V
1.2.3 Others
1.3 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Size by Type
1.3.1 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Size Overview by Type (2018-2029)
1.3.2 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Historic Market Size Review by Type (2018-2023)
1.3.3 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2029)
1.4 Key Regions Market Size Segment by Type
1.4.1 North America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.2 Europe Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.3 Asia-Pacific Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.4 Latin America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.5 Middle East and Africa Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
2 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Competition by Company
2.1 Global Top Players by Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales (2018-2023)
2.2 Global Top Players by Frameless Brushless DC Motors Revenue (2018-2023)
2.3 Global Top Players by Frameless Brushless DC Motors Price (2018-2023)
2.4 Global Top Manufacturers Frameless Brushless DC Motors Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
2.5 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.5.1 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Concentration Rate (2018-2023)
2.5.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales and Revenue in 2022
2.6 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Frameless Brushless DC Motors as of 2022)
2.7 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market
2.8 Key Manufacturers Frameless Brushless DC Motors Product Offered
2.9 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Status and Outlook by Region
3.1 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Size and CAGR by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
3.2 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Historic Market Size by Region
3.2.1 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Region (2018-2023)
3.2.2 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Region (2018-2023)
3.2.3 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales (Volume & Value) Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Forecasted Market Size by Region
3.3.1 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Region (2024-2029)
3.3.2 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Region (2024-2029)
3.3.3 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales (Volume & Value), Price and Gross Margin (2024-2029)
4 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors by Application
4.1 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Segment by Application
4.1.1 Industrial Automation
4.1.2 Medical Device
4.1.3 Aerospace & Defense
4.1.4 Others
4.2 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Size by Application
4.2.1 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Size Overview by Application (2018-2029)
4.2.2 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Historic Market Size Review by Application (2018-2023)
4.2.3 Global Frameless Brushless DC Motors Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2029)
4.3 Key Regions Market Size Segment by Application
4.3.1 North America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.2 Europe Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.3 Asia-Pacific Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.4 Latin America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.5 Middle East and Africa Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
5 North America Frameless Brushless DC Motors by Country
5.1 North America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Historic Market Size by Country
5.1.1 North America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
5.1.2 North America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
5.1.3 North America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
5.2 North America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Forecasted Market Size by Country
5.2.1 North America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
5.2.2 North America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
6 Europe Frameless Brushless DC Motors by Country
6.1 Europe Frameless Brushless DC Motors Historic Market Size by Country
6.1.1 Europe Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
6.1.2 Europe Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
6.1.3 Europe Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
6.2 Europe Frameless Brushless DC Motors Forecasted Market Size by Country
6.2.1 Europe Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
6.2.2 Europe Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
7 Asia-Pacific Frameless Brushless DC Motors by Region
7.1 Asia-Pacific Frameless Brushless DC Motors Historic Market Size by Region
7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Region (2018-2023)
7.1.3 Asia-Pacific Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Region (2018-2023)
7.2 Asia-Pacific Frameless Brushless DC Motors Forecasted Market Size by Region
7.2.1 Asia-Pacific Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Region (2024-2029)
7.2.2 Asia-Pacific Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Region (2024-2029)
8 Latin America Frameless Brushless DC Motors by Country
8.1 Latin America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Historic Market Size by Country
8.1.1 Latin America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
8.1.2 Latin America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
8.1.3 Latin America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
8.2 Latin America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Forecasted Market Size by Country
8.2.1 Latin America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
8.2.2 Latin America Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
9 Middle East and Africa Frameless Brushless DC Motors by Country
9.1 Middle East and Africa Frameless Brushless DC Motors Historic Market Size by Country
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
9.1.3 Middle East and Africa Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Frameless Brushless DC Motors Forecasted Market Size by Country
9.2.1 Middle East and Africa Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
9.2.2 Middle East and Africa Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
10 Company Profiles
10.1 Kollmorgen
10.1.1 Kollmorgen Company Information
10.1.2 Kollmorgen Introduction and Business Overview
10.1.3 Kollmorgen Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.1.4 Kollmorgen Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.1.5 Kollmorgen Recent Development
10.2 Moog
10.2.1 Moog Company Information
10.2.2 Moog Introduction and Business Overview
10.2.3 Moog Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.2.4 Moog Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.2.5 Moog Recent Development
10.3 Maxon Motor
10.3.1 Maxon Motor Company Information
10.3.2 Maxon Motor Introduction and Business Overview
10.3.3 Maxon Motor Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.3.4 Maxon Motor Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.3.5 Maxon Motor Recent Development
10.4 BEI Kimco
10.4.1 BEI Kimco Company Information
10.4.2 BEI Kimco Introduction and Business Overview
10.4.3 BEI Kimco Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.4.4 BEI Kimco Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.4.5 BEI Kimco Recent Development
10.5 Woodward
10.5.1 Woodward Company Information
10.5.2 Woodward Introduction and Business Overview
10.5.3 Woodward Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.5.4 Woodward Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.5.5 Woodward Recent Development
10.6 Shinano Kenshi
10.6.1 Shinano Kenshi Company Information
10.6.2 Shinano Kenshi Introduction and Business Overview
10.6.3 Shinano Kenshi Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.6.4 Shinano Kenshi Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.6.5 Shinano Kenshi Recent Development
10.7 Johnson Electric
10.7.1 Johnson Electric Company Information
10.7.2 Johnson Electric Introduction and Business Overview
10.7.3 Johnson Electric Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.7.4 Johnson Electric Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.7.5 Johnson Electric Recent Development
10.8 Portescap
10.8.1 Portescap Company Information
10.8.2 Portescap Introduction and Business Overview
10.8.3 Portescap Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.8.4 Portescap Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.8.5 Portescap Recent Development
10.9 Skurka Aerospace
10.9.1 Skurka Aerospace Company Information
10.9.2 Skurka Aerospace Introduction and Business Overview
10.9.3 Skurka Aerospace Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.9.4 Skurka Aerospace Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.9.5 Skurka Aerospace Recent Development
10.10 Servotecnica
10.10.1 Servotecnica Company Information
10.10.2 Servotecnica Introduction and Business Overview
10.10.3 Servotecnica Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.10.4 Servotecnica Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.10.5 Servotecnica Recent Development
10.11 Mclennan
10.11.1 Mclennan Company Information
10.11.2 Mclennan Introduction and Business Overview
10.11.3 Mclennan Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.11.4 Mclennan Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.11.5 Mclennan Recent Development
10.12 Aerotech
10.12.1 Aerotech Company Information
10.12.2 Aerotech Introduction and Business Overview
10.12.3 Aerotech Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.12.4 Aerotech Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.12.5 Aerotech Recent Development
10.13 ARC Systems
10.13.1 ARC Systems Company Information
10.13.2 ARC Systems Introduction and Business Overview
10.13.3 ARC Systems Frameless Brushless DC Motors Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.13.4 ARC Systems Frameless Brushless DC Motors Products Offered
10.13.5 ARC Systems Recent Development
11 Upstream, Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis
11.1 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Key Raw Materials
11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
11.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price
11.1.3 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
11.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure
11.2.1 Raw Materials
11.2.2 Labor Cost
11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Industrial Chain Analysis
11.4 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Dynamics
11.4.1 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Industry Trends
11.4.2 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Drivers
11.4.3 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Challenges
11.4.4 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Market Restraints
12 Market Strategy Analysis, Distributors
12.1 Sales Channel
12.2 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Distributors
12.3 Frameless Brushless DC Motors Downstream Customers
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Research Methodology
14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.2 Data Source
14.2 Author Details
14.3 Disclaimer
Published By : QY Research
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