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Global Light Vehicle Coolant Market Research Report 2024

Global Light Vehicle Coolant Market Research Report 2024

Publishing Date : Jan, 2024

License Type :
 

Report Code : 1415799

No of Pages : 132

Synopsis
Vehicle coolant, also known as antifreeze, is a liquid substance that circulates through an internal combustion engine and draws off excessive heat. The two most common chemicals used for this are ethylene and propylene glycol, both of which have lower freezing points than water (32° Fahrenheit or 0° Celsius). This allows the chemicals to flow freely even under cold winter conditions. Automotive Coolant also has a higher boiling point than pure water, which makes it ideal for summer use as well.
The global Light Vehicle Coolant market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2024-2030.
North American market for Light Vehicle Coolant is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2024 through 2030.
Asia-Pacific market for Light Vehicle Coolant is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2024 through 2030.
The major global manufacturers of Light Vehicle Coolant include Prestone, Shell, Exxon Mobil, Castrol, Total, CCI, BASF, Old World Industries and Valvoline, etc. In 2023, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Light Vehicle Coolant, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Light Vehicle Coolant.
Report Scope
The Light Vehicle Coolant market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of output/shipments (K MT) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global Light Vehicle Coolant market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided.
For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
The report will help the Light Vehicle Coolant manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, production, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.
Market Segmentation
By Company
Prestone
Shell
Exxon Mobil
Castrol
Total
CCI
BASF
Old World Industries
Valvoline
Sinopec
CNPC
Lanzhou BlueStar
Zhongkun Petrochemical
KMCO
Chevron
China-TEEC
Guangdong Delian
SONAX
Getz Nordic
Kost USA
Amsoil
Recochem
MITAN
Gulf Oil International
Paras Lubricants
Solar Applied Materials
Pentosin
Millers Oils
Evans
ABRO
Segment by Type
Ethylene Glycol Coolant
Propylene Glycol Coolant
Segment by Application
Light Passenger Vehicle
Light Commercial Vehicle
Production by Region
North America
Europe
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Consumption by Region
North America
U.S.
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
China Taiwan
Southeast Asia
India
Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Mexico
Brazil
Turkey
GCC Countries
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, by Type, by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Light Vehicle Coolant manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Production/output, value of Light Vehicle Coolant by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Consumption of Light Vehicle Coolant in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Index
1 Light Vehicle Coolant Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Light Vehicle Coolant Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Ethylene Glycol Coolant
1.2.3 Propylene Glycol Coolant
1.3 Light Vehicle Coolant Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 Light Passenger Vehicle
1.3.3 Light Commercial Vehicle
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.3 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.4 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.5 Assumptions and Limitations
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.3 Global Key Players of Light Vehicle Coolant, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
2.4 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Light Vehicle Coolant, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Light Vehicle Coolant, Product Offered and Application
2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Light Vehicle Coolant, Date of Enter into This Industry
2.9 Light Vehicle Coolant Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.9.1 Light Vehicle Coolant Market Concentration Rate
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Light Vehicle Coolant Players Market Share by Revenue
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Light Vehicle Coolant Production by Region
3.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value by Region (2019-2030)
3.2.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Light Vehicle Coolant by Region (2025-2030)
3.3 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.4 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production by Region (2019-2030)
3.4.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Light Vehicle Coolant by Region (2025-2030)
3.5 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
3.6 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth
3.6.1 North America Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.2 Europe Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.3 China Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.4 Japan Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.5 South Korea Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.6 India Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4 Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.2.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
4.3 North America
4.3.1 North America Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.3.2 North America Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.3.3 U.S.
4.3.4 Canada
4.4 Europe
4.4.1 Europe Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Europe Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.4.3 Germany
4.4.4 France
4.4.5 U.K.
4.4.6 Italy
4.4.7 Russia
4.5 Asia Pacific
4.5.1 Asia Pacific Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.5.2 Asia Pacific Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.5.3 China
4.5.4 Japan
4.5.5 South Korea
4.5.6 China Taiwan
4.5.7 Southeast Asia
4.5.8 India
4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Light Vehicle Coolant Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.6.3 Mexico
4.6.4 Brazil
4.6.5 Turkey
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production by Type (2019-2030)
5.1.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production by Type (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production by Type (2025-2030)
5.1.3 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value by Type (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value by Type (2025-2030)
5.2.3 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Price by Type (2019-2030)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production by Application (2019-2030)
6.1.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production by Application (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production by Application (2025-2030)
6.1.3 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value by Application (2019-2024)
6.2.2 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value by Application (2025-2030)
6.2.3 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Light Vehicle Coolant Price by Application (2019-2030)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Prestone
7.1.1 Prestone Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.1.2 Prestone Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Prestone Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.1.4 Prestone Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Prestone Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Shell
7.2.1 Shell Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.2.2 Shell Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Shell Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.2.4 Shell Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Shell Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Exxon Mobil
7.3.1 Exxon Mobil Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.3.2 Exxon Mobil Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Exxon Mobil Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.3.4 Exxon Mobil Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Exxon Mobil Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Castrol
7.4.1 Castrol Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.4.2 Castrol Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Castrol Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.4.4 Castrol Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Castrol Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Total
7.5.1 Total Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.5.2 Total Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Total Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.5.4 Total Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Total Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 CCI
7.6.1 CCI Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.6.2 CCI Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.6.3 CCI Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.6.4 CCI Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 CCI Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 BASF
7.7.1 BASF Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.7.2 BASF Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.7.3 BASF Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.7.4 BASF Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 BASF Recent Developments/Updates
7.8 Old World Industries
7.8.1 Old World Industries Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.8.2 Old World Industries Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.8.3 Old World Industries Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.8.4 Old World Industries Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Old World Industries Recent Developments/Updates
7.9 Valvoline
7.9.1 Valvoline Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.9.2 Valvoline Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.9.3 Valvoline Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.9.4 Valvoline Main Business and Markets Served
7.9.5 Valvoline Recent Developments/Updates
7.10 Sinopec
7.10.1 Sinopec Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.10.2 Sinopec Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.10.3 Sinopec Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.10.4 Sinopec Main Business and Markets Served
7.10.5 Sinopec Recent Developments/Updates
7.11 CNPC
7.11.1 CNPC Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.11.2 CNPC Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.11.3 CNPC Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.11.4 CNPC Main Business and Markets Served
7.11.5 CNPC Recent Developments/Updates
7.12 Lanzhou BlueStar
7.12.1 Lanzhou BlueStar Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.12.2 Lanzhou BlueStar Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.12.3 Lanzhou BlueStar Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.12.4 Lanzhou BlueStar Main Business and Markets Served
7.12.5 Lanzhou BlueStar Recent Developments/Updates
7.13 Zhongkun Petrochemical
7.13.1 Zhongkun Petrochemical Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.13.2 Zhongkun Petrochemical Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.13.3 Zhongkun Petrochemical Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.13.4 Zhongkun Petrochemical Main Business and Markets Served
7.13.5 Zhongkun Petrochemical Recent Developments/Updates
7.14 KMCO
7.14.1 KMCO Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.14.2 KMCO Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.14.3 KMCO Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.14.4 KMCO Main Business and Markets Served
7.14.5 KMCO Recent Developments/Updates
7.15 Chevron
7.15.1 Chevron Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.15.2 Chevron Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.15.3 Chevron Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.15.4 Chevron Main Business and Markets Served
7.15.5 Chevron Recent Developments/Updates
7.16 China-TEEC
7.16.1 China-TEEC Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.16.2 China-TEEC Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.16.3 China-TEEC Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.16.4 China-TEEC Main Business and Markets Served
7.16.5 China-TEEC Recent Developments/Updates
7.17 Guangdong Delian
7.17.1 Guangdong Delian Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.17.2 Guangdong Delian Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.17.3 Guangdong Delian Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.17.4 Guangdong Delian Main Business and Markets Served
7.17.5 Guangdong Delian Recent Developments/Updates
7.18 SONAX
7.18.1 SONAX Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.18.2 SONAX Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.18.3 SONAX Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.18.4 SONAX Main Business and Markets Served
7.18.5 SONAX Recent Developments/Updates
7.19 Getz Nordic
7.19.1 Getz Nordic Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.19.2 Getz Nordic Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.19.3 Getz Nordic Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.19.4 Getz Nordic Main Business and Markets Served
7.19.5 Getz Nordic Recent Developments/Updates
7.20 Kost USA
7.20.1 Kost USA Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.20.2 Kost USA Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.20.3 Kost USA Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.20.4 Kost USA Main Business and Markets Served
7.20.5 Kost USA Recent Developments/Updates
7.21 Amsoil
7.21.1 Amsoil Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.21.2 Amsoil Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.21.3 Amsoil Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.21.4 Amsoil Main Business and Markets Served
7.21.5 Amsoil Recent Developments/Updates
7.22 Recochem
7.22.1 Recochem Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.22.2 Recochem Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.22.3 Recochem Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.22.4 Recochem Main Business and Markets Served
7.22.5 Recochem Recent Developments/Updates
7.23 MITAN
7.23.1 MITAN Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.23.2 MITAN Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.23.3 MITAN Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.23.4 MITAN Main Business and Markets Served
7.23.5 MITAN Recent Developments/Updates
7.24 Gulf Oil International
7.24.1 Gulf Oil International Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.24.2 Gulf Oil International Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.24.3 Gulf Oil International Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.24.4 Gulf Oil International Main Business and Markets Served
7.24.5 Gulf Oil International Recent Developments/Updates
7.25 Paras Lubricants
7.25.1 Paras Lubricants Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.25.2 Paras Lubricants Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.25.3 Paras Lubricants Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.25.4 Paras Lubricants Main Business and Markets Served
7.25.5 Paras Lubricants Recent Developments/Updates
7.26 Solar Applied Materials
7.26.1 Solar Applied Materials Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.26.2 Solar Applied Materials Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.26.3 Solar Applied Materials Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.26.4 Solar Applied Materials Main Business and Markets Served
7.26.5 Solar Applied Materials Recent Developments/Updates
7.27 Pentosin
7.27.1 Pentosin Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.27.2 Pentosin Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.27.3 Pentosin Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.27.4 Pentosin Main Business and Markets Served
7.27.5 Pentosin Recent Developments/Updates
7.28 Millers Oils
7.28.1 Millers Oils Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.28.2 Millers Oils Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.28.3 Millers Oils Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.28.4 Millers Oils Main Business and Markets Served
7.28.5 Millers Oils Recent Developments/Updates
7.29 Evans
7.29.1 Evans Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.29.2 Evans Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.29.3 Evans Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.29.4 Evans Main Business and Markets Served
7.29.5 Evans Recent Developments/Updates
7.30 ABRO
7.30.1 ABRO Light Vehicle Coolant Corporation Information
7.30.2 ABRO Light Vehicle Coolant Product Portfolio
7.30.3 ABRO Light Vehicle Coolant Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.30.4 ABRO Main Business and Markets Served
7.30.5 ABRO Recent Developments/Updates
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Light Vehicle Coolant Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Light Vehicle Coolant Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Light Vehicle Coolant Production Mode & Process
8.4 Light Vehicle Coolant Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Light Vehicle Coolant Sales Channels
8.4.2 Light Vehicle Coolant Distributors
8.5 Light Vehicle Coolant Customers
9 Light Vehicle Coolant Market Dynamics
9.1 Light Vehicle Coolant Industry Trends
9.2 Light Vehicle Coolant Market Drivers
9.3 Light Vehicle Coolant Market Challenges
9.4 Light Vehicle Coolant Market Restraints
10 Research Finding and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology/Research Approach
11.1.1 Research Programs/Design
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Secondary Sources
11.2.2 Primary Sources
11.3 Author List
11.4 Disclaimer

Published By : QY Research

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